A change in j ust one bit of the original password should result in a

change to half the bits of its hash, i.e., diffusion or the avalanche

effect. When a password is changed slightly, the output of the

enciphered text should change unpredictably and significantly.

The same hash value or enciphered text should always be generated by

the given password, i.e., determinism.

It must be hard to find two different passwords that hash to the same

enciphered text, i.e., collision-resistant.

From the password, the hash value should not be predictable, i.e., non-

predictable.

Figure 1.6 explains the hash function.